Accessibility & i18n
Semantics first, ARIA second, and the localisation that rides along with it.
10 topics
Semantic HTML & the Accessibility Tree
What assistive technology actually consumes, and why the right element is worth more than any amount of ARIA.
core25 minARIA & When Not to Use It
The attributes that fill genuine gaps, the ones that cause harm, and the first rule that says to avoid them.
core25 minKeyboard Navigation & Focus Management
Making everything reachable and operable without a mouse, and moving focus deliberately when the UI changes.
core25 minAccessible Forms & Errors
Labels, grouping, validation messaging and focus — the mechanics that decide whether a form is usable without sight.
core20 minLive Regions & Dynamic Content
Announcing changes a screen reader user cannot see, without producing a stream of interruptions.
core20 minVisual Accessibility
Contrast, text sizing, motion and colour independence — the requirements that affect the largest number of users.
core20 minBuilding Accessible Components
What it actually takes to make a custom widget work, and why a headless library is usually the right answer.
core25 minTesting with a Screen Reader
A practical routine for using NVDA and VoiceOver well enough to find the issues automation cannot.
deep20 minWCAG & the Legal Baseline
What the standard actually requires, which level applies, and the laws that make it enforceable in the US and Europe.
core20 minInternationalisation & RTL
Building for other languages and writing directions — formatting, layout, text expansion, and the parts that are not translation.
core25 min